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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



LIST OF AG/iATS. 



Baltimore, Md.— 217 E. Baltimore St — D. E. BUR LEY, Traveling Passenger Agent. 
Boston, Mass.— 'i'JO Washington St.— W. S. CONDELL, New England Freight and Pass. 

J. S. SMITH, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

E. M. NEWBEGIN, Traveling Freieht and Passenger Agent. 
Buffalo, Ar.r.-40J^ Excha.ge St.— S. A. HUTCHISON*. Traveling Passenger Agent. 

SETH CALDWELL, Traveling Freight Age;>t. 
Putte, Mon. Ter.— Cornei Main and Broadway.— J. A. LEWIS, General Agent. 
Iheyenne, Wyo.—C. W. SWEET, Freight and Ticket Agent. 

Chicago, Ill.—WX Sou h Clark St.— W. H. KNIGHT, Gen. Agt. Pass, and Freight Depts 
T. W. YOUNG, Traveling Passenger Agent. 
W. T. HOLLY, City Passenger Agent. 

A. HUGHSTON, Eastern Traveling Freight Agent. 
:, T. STOKES, City Freight Solicitor. 
GEO. J. NEEDHAM, City Freight Solicitor. 

ALFRED MORTENSEN & CO , European Immigration Agts , 140 Kmzie St. 
Cincinnati, O.— 56 West 4th St.— J. D. WELSH, Gen. Agt. Freight and Pass. Depts. 

H. C. SMITH, Traveling Freight and Passenger Agent. 
Cleveland, O.— Kennard House.— A. G. SHEARMAN, Trav. Freight and Pass. Apt. 
Cclumbus, O.— N. W. Corner Gay and High Sts. — T. C. HIRST. Trav. Pass. Agt. W 
Council Bluffs, la.- 506 First Avenue.— W. H. BURNS, General Agent. 

M. J. GREEVY, Passenger Agent, Transfer Depot. 

J. W. MAYNARD, Ticket Agent, Transfer Denot. 

A. T. EL WELL, City Ticket Agent, 507 Broadway. 

Denver, Col. — 1703 Larimer St.— D. B. KEELER. Assistant General Freight Agent and 
General Agent Passenger Department. 
H. J. RIFEN'BERICK, 1 raveling Passenger Agent. 
F B. SEMPLE, City Passenger Agent. 

B. P. M. KIMBALL, City Ticket Agent. 

Des Moines la.— 218 4th St.— E. M. FORD, Traveling Passenger Agent. 
Detroit, Mich.— 62 Grisw >ld St.— D. W. JOHNSTON, Michigan Passenger Ag-nt. 
Helena, Montana Ter.— 28 North Main St.— A. E. VEAZIE, City Ticket Agent. 
Indianapolis, Ind.—M. F. MOSS, Traveling Passenger Agent, Room 3 Jackson Place. 
Kansas City, Mo.— 9th and Broadway. — F. B. WHITNEY, General Agent Passenger 
Department and Assistant General Freight Agent. 

J B. REESE, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

T. F. FITZGIBBON, Traveling Passenger Agent 

II. K. PROUDFIT, City Passenger Agent. 

A. W. MILLSPAUGH, Ticket Agent, Union Depot. 

C. A. WHITTIER, City Ticket Agent, 528 Main St. 
THOMAS A. SHAW, Ticket Agent, 1038 Union Avenue. 

London, England.— THOS. COOK & SONS, European Agents, Ludgate Circus. 

Los Angeles, Cal.— 51 North Spring St.— JOHN CLARK, Agent Passenger Department. 

'• A. J. HECHTMAN, Freight Agent. 
Louisville, Ky.—3S West Main St.— N. HAIGHT, Traveling Passenger Agent. 
Montreal; Can.— 136 St. James St.— JAS. DUNN, Canadian Freight and Passenger Agent. 
New York C7ty.«-287 Broadway. — R. TENBROECK, General Eastern Agent. 
J. F. WILEY, Passenger Agent. 
, F. R. SEAMAN, City Passenger Agent. 
Ogden, i7f aft <7T Union Depot.— C. A. HENRY, Ticket Agent. 

Omaha, Neb.— 9th and Farnam Sts.— ]. B. FRAWLEY, Traveling Passenger A^ent. 

HARRY P. DEUEL, City Passenger and Ticket Agent, 1302 Farnam St. 

J. K. CHAMBERS, Depot Ticket Agent, 10th and Marcy Sts. 
Philadelphia, Pa.— 133 South 4th St.— T. P. VAILLE, Traveling Passeneer Agreut. 
Pittsburg, Pa.— 400 Wood St.— H. E. PASS AV ANT, Trav. Freight and Pass. Agt. - 

THOS. S. SPEAR, Traveling Freight and Passenger Agent. 
Portland, Oregon.— Corner Third and Oak Sts.— A. L. MAXWELL, General Passenger 

and Ticket Agent, O. R. & IS . Co. 
St. Joseph, Mo. — W. P. ROBINSON, Jr., G. F. and P. A. St. J. & G. I. R. R. 
St. Louis, .1/0.-213 North 4th St.— J. F. AGLAR, G. A., Freight and Passenger Departme-t. 

E. R. TUTTLE, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

A. W. BARBOUR, City Passenger Agent. 

C. C. KNIGHT, Freight Contracting Agent. 
St. Paul, Minn.— 164 East 3d St.— F. L. LYNDE, Traveling Passenger Agent. 
Salt Lake City, Utah.— 201 Main St.— J. V. PARKER, Div. Freight and Pass. A'-*. 

C. E. INGALLS, City Passenger Agent. 
San Francisco, Cal.—l Montgomery St.— J. B. KIRKLAND, Gen. Agt. Pass. Dept. 

S. W. ECCLES, General Agent Freight Department. 

C. L. HANNA, Traveling Agent. 

H. FRODSHAM, Passenger Agent. 

J. F. FUGAZI, Italian Emigrant Agent, 5 Montgomery Avenue. 
Sioux City, Iowa.— 502 4th St.— D. M. COLLINS, General Agent. 

J. A. S. REED, General Trave'ing Agent, 191 South Clark St., CHICAGO. 
ALBERT WOODCOCK, General Land Commissioner, OMAHA, NEB. 

E. L. LOW! AX, T. W. LEE, 

Gen'l Passenger Agent. OMAHA, NUB. Asst. Gen'l Pass. AgenU 



If those who are the enemies of innocent amusements had the direction of the world, they would 
take away the spring and youth, the former from the year and the latter 
from the human life.— Balzac. 




Outdoor Sports m Pastimes. 



CORRECT RULES 



FOR 




LAWN TENNIS, 

CROQUET, 

AND BASE BALL. 



COMPLIMENTS PASSENGER DEPARTMENT, 
t/Union Pacific Railway, Omaha, Neb. 



Copyrighted July, 1889, by E. L. Lomax, General Passenger Agent. 



DR. WARNER'S 

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Made of pure Camel's Hair 
and fine Australian Wool. 

It is the best Underwear made 

It is the most durable. 

It is free from all dye. 

It will not irritate the skin. 

It has special electric prop- 
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It is a protection against 
colds, catarrh, rheuma- 
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Manufactured in all styles for Men. 
Women and Children. For sale by all 
leading merchants. Catalogue, with 
prices, sent on application. 

Warner Bro's, 359 Broadway, N, Y. 

Branch, 257 State St., Chicago. 



LAWN TENNIS. 



INTRODUCTION. 

The game of Tennis is one of the ancient pastimes of England, and it was 
a favorite game with royalty from ancient times down to the present. But the 
Tennis of that day is not the Lawn Tennis of the nineteenth century, the latter 
really being a sort of return to the pristine days of the game when it was 
played out of doors in a very crude way; and therefore we need not lefer to 
the old game of Tennis further than to state that it was a far more difficult 
game to play than is modern Tennis. It is not necessary to lefer at length to 
the origin of the modern game, beyond stating the fact that it came into favor 
as a lawn substitute for the old court game ; and from its introduction has won 
its way to a popularity unprecedented almost in the history of field games of 
ball. As for its brief history in America, it may be said that no game has been 
introduced in this country from England which has achieved such rapid favor 
in fashionable circles of American society -as the game of Lawn Tennis. It is 
now the pet society game at all the watering places and at every fashionable 
summer resort in the country. Besides which, it is the only all-the-year-round 
game of ball now in vogue ; for when the summer lawn is covered with snow, 
in-door Tennis is at command in any moderately-sized and smoothly-floored 
hall. While Lawn Tennis is a special favorite with those who cannot excel in 
any game requiring any special attribute of physical courage, owing to the 
fact that every phase of danger is eliminated from the game, it is also popular 
with those who are expert in such manly sports as base ball, cricket, lacrosse and 
football, from the fact that it necessitates litheness of limb and activity of 
movement, besides affording a field for stragetic skill when the game is played 
up to its highest point, which is quite enjoyable by way of contrast in present- 
ing a light exercise, differing greatly from the vigorous and somewhat danger- 
ous exercises of the other games. Then, too, Lawn Tennis is an excellent field 
game of ball for ladies, as it affords them the very kind of exercise they most 
need, and that is out-door activity, which will bring the dormant muscles of 
the limbs and the chest into play. There is an additional recommendation, 
too, for Lawn Tennis, and that is that it can be played on a comparatively 
small space of level ground, or on a hall floor. There is one thing about Lawn 
Tennis playing, as in vogue in general society, which makes it exceptional, and 
that is, in no field game now enjoying popular favor, are the amenities of social 
life so particularly observed. The game is one that "has come to stay," as it 
fills a void which has existed a long while, and that is, the want of a game in 
which ladies and gentlemen can participate, while at the same time plenty of 
active and not too vigorous exercise can be afforded for both, and that, too, 
without any element of danger to mar the pleasure of its enjoyment. 



LAWN TENNIS RULES. 



5 



RULES FOR THE GAME. 

1. The choice of sides, and the right to serve in the first game, shall be 
decided by toss ; provided that, if the winner of the toss choose the right to 
serve, the other player shall have choice of sides, and vice versa. If one player 
chooses the court, the other may elect not to serve. 

2. The players shall stand on opposite sides of the net ; the player who 
first delivers the ball shall be called the server, and the other the striker-out. 

3. At the end of the first game the striker-out shall become server, and the 
server shall become striker-out ; and so on, alternately, in all the subsequent 
games of the set, or series of sets. 

4. The server shall serve with one foot on the base-line, and with the other 
foot behind that line, but not necessarily upon the ground. He shall deliver 
the service from the right to the left courts alternately, beginning from the 
right. 

5. The ball served must drop between the service line, half -court line, and 
side line of the court, diagonally opposite to that from which it was served. 

6. It is a fault if the server fail to strike the ball, or if the ball served fall 
in the net, or beyond the service line, or out of court, or in the wrong court ; or 
if the server do not stand as directed by law 4. 

7. A ball falling on a line is regarded as falling in the court bounded by 
that line. 

8. A fault cannot be taken. 

9. After a fault the server shall serve again from the same court from which 
he served that fault, unless it was a fault because he served from the wrong 
court. 

10. A fault cannot be claimed after the next service is delivered. 

11. The server shall not serve till the striker-out is ready. If the latter 
attempt to return the service he shall be deemed ready. 

12. A service or fault, delivered when the striker-out is not ready counts for 
nothing. 

13. The service shall not be volleyed, i. e., taken, before it has touched the 
ground. 

14. A ball' is in play on leaving the server's racket, except as provided for in 
law 6. 

15. It is a good return, although the ball touch the net ; but a service, other- 
wise good, which touches the net, shall count for nothing. 

16. The server wins a stroke if the striker-out volley the service, or if he fail 
to return the service or the ball in play ; or if he return the service or the ball 
in play so that it drops outside of his opponent's court ; or if he otherwise 
lose a stroke, as provided by law 18. 

17. The striker-out wins a stroke if the server serve two consecutive faults ; 
or if he fail to return the ball in play ; or if he return the ball in play so that it 
drops outside of his opponent's court ; or if he otherwise lose a stroke as pro- 
vided by law 18. 

18. Either player loses a stroke if he return the service or the ball in play so 
that it touches a post of the net ; or if the ball touch him or anything that he 
wears or carries, except his racket in the act of striking ; or if he touch the ball 



OUTDOOR SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 



with his racket more than once ; or if he touch the net or any of its supports 
while the ball is in play ; or if he volley the ball before it has passed the net. 

19. In case any player is obstructed by any accident, the ball shall be consid- 
ered a let. 

20. On either player winning his first stroke, the score is called 15 for that 
player ; on either player winning his second stroke, the score is called 30 for 
that player ; on either player winning his third stroke, the score is called 40 for 
that player ; and the fourth stroke won by either player is scored game for that 
player, except as below : If both players have won three strokes, the score is 
called deuce; and the next stroke won by either player is scored advantage for 
that player. If the same player wins the next stroke, he wins the game ; if he 
loses the next stroke the score returns to deuce ; and so on, until one player 
wins the two strokes immediately following the score of deuce, when the game 
is scored for that player. 

21. The player who first wins six games wins the set ; except as follows: 
If both players win five games, the score is called games all ; and the next game 
won by either player is scored advantage game for that player. If the same 
player wins the next game, he wins the set ; if he loses the next game, the score 
returns to games all ; and so on, until either player wins the two games immedi- 
ately following the score of games ail, when he wins the set. But individual 
clubs, at their own tournaments, may modify this rule at their discretion. 

22. The players shall change sides at the end of every set ; but the umpire, 
on appeal from either player, before the toss for choice, may direct the players 
to change sides at the end of every game of each set, if, in his opinion, either 
side have a distinct advantage, owing to the sun, wind, or any other accidental 
cause ; but if the appeal be made after the toss for choice, the umpire can only 
direct the players to change sides at the end of every game of the odd or decid- 
ing set. 

23. When a series of sets is played, the player who served in the last game 
of one set shall be the striker-out in the first game of the next. 

24. The referee shall call the game, after an interval of five minutes between 
sets, if either player so order. 

25. The above laws shall apply to the three-handed and four-handed games, 
except as below :— 

26. In the three-handed game, the single player shall serve in every alternate 
game. 

27. In the four-handed game, the pair who have the right to serve in the first 
game shall decide which partner shall do so ; and the opposing pair shall 
decide in like manner for the second game. The partner of the player who 
served in the first game shall serve in the third, and the partner of the player 
who served in the second game shall serve in the fourth ; and the same order 
shall be maintained in all the subsequent games of the set. 

23. At the beginning of the next set, either partner of the pair which struck 
out in the last game of the last set may serve, and the same privilege is given to 
their opponents in the second game of the new set. 

29. The players shall take the service alternately throughout the game ; a 
player cannot receive a service delivered to his partner ; and the order of ser- 
vice and striking out once established shall not be altered, nor shall the striker- 
013 1 change courts to receive the service, till the end of the set, 



LAWN TENNIS RULES. 



7 



30. If a player serve out of his turn, the umpire, as soon as the mistake is 
discovered by himself or by one of the players, shall direct the player to serve 
who ought to have served. But all strokes scored and any fault served before 
such discovery shall be reckoned. If a game shall have been completed before 
such discovery, then the service in the next alternate game shall be delivered 
by the partner of the player who served out of his turn, and so on in regular 
rotation. 

31. It is a fault if the ball served does not drop between the service-line 
half -court line, and service side line of the court, diagonally opposite to that 
from which it was served. 

32. In matches, the decision of the umpire shall be final. Should there be 
two umpires, they shall divide the court between them, and the decision of each 
shall be final in his share of the court. 

ODDS. 

A bisque is one point which can be taken by the receiver of the odds at any 
time in the set except as follows : — 

(a) A bisque cannot be taken after a service is delivered. 

(b) The server may not take a bisque after a fault, but the striker-out may 
do so. 

One or more bisques may be given to increase or diminish other odds. 

Half Jif teen is one stroke given at the beginning of the second, fourth, and 
every subsequent alternate game of a set. 

Fifteen is one stroke given at the beginning of every game of a set. 

Half thirty is one stroke given at the beginning of the first game, two strokes 
given at the beginning of the second game ; and so on, alternately, in all the 
subsequent games of the set. 

Thirty is two strokes given at the beginning of every game of a set. 

Half forty is two strokes given at the beginning of the first game, three 
strokes given at the beginning of the second game ; and so on, alternately in 
all the subsequent games of the set. 

Forty is three strokes given at the beginning of every game of a set. 

Half court : The players may agree into which half court, right or left, the 
giver of the odds shall play and the latter loses a stroke if the ball returned by 
him drop outside any of the lines which bound that half court. 

Owed odds are where the giver of the odds starts behind scratch. 

Owe half fifteen is one stroke owed at the beginning of the first, third, and 
every subsequent alternate game of a set. 

Owe fifteen is one stroke owed at the beginning of every game of a set. 

Owe half thirty is two strokes owed at the beginning of the first game, one 
stroke owed at the beginning of the second game, and so on alternately in all 
the subsequent games of the set. 

Owe thirty is two strokes owed at the beginning of every game of a set. 

Owe half forty is three strokes owed at the beginning of the first game, two 
strokes owed at the beginning of the second game, and so on alternately in all 
subsequent games of the set. 

Owe forty is three strokes owed at the beginning of every game of a set. 



CROQUET. 



INTRODUCTION. 

Croquet is a comparatively modern game. It has not the weight of years on 
its side to increase love and regard for it. 

The name seems to indicate France as its origin, and it is said to have been 
brought from there to Ireland, and from thence to England. 

When introduced in this country it was characterized as a game, simple and 
almost devoid of opportunities for the display of any very great skill. The 
game was also modified ; the number of arches increased, their positions 
changed, and the size of the grounds diminished. 

The finest playing at that time, and till within a few years, was upon lawns 
with closely mown grass and generally level surface ; but now, the scientific 
player prepares a ground better adapted to his needs, and the exhibition of his 
skill. 

Although much genuine pleasure and excellent exercise can be obtained 
from a so-called sod ground, yet for delicacy and accuracy of play and exercise 
of sometimes marvelous skill, the modern ground is made a perfectly level, 
hard-rolled, sanded field. 

All Tournament games must be played on a ground of this kind. 

We would by no means discourage lawn-croquet. It is from the ranks of 
excellent lawn players that our best scientific players have come, and lawn-play- 
ing will foster a love for the game, which after all is the principal thing. Very 
few people, comparatively, have ever seen a really scientifically made ground. 
Those who believe themselves to be expert lawn players, are greatly surprised at 
the greater opportunity for pleasure and skill afforded upon a nicely sanded, 
level field. 

There is no other field game that can compare with Croquet as a test for 
good temper, forbearance and that prince of manly qualities, fairness. 

We have known characters vastly improve by courteous companionship and 
prevailing geniality on the Croquet ground. The old-fashioned, wordy strifes 
and contentions, cherishing and containing ill-feeling, are unknown, and aside 
from the beneficial physical advantages, these features must also be regarded in 
taking stock in the benefits of Croquet. 

Croquet needs no special dress. The absence of excessive physical exertion 
is suited to those who would, if compelled to change suits, take no exercise at 
all, and they can return to business or any avocation after an hour of Croquet 
with linen and clothes none worse for their effort, and with an exhilaration that 
out-door exercise invariably secures. 

Croquet is as scientific as billiards. There is a greater field (literally as well 
as otherwise) for strategy, the exercise of deliberate judgment, nerve, coolness 



CROQUET RULES. 



9 



and boldness of play in Croquet than in billiards, much as some may question 
the truthfulness of the assertion. The eye and the hand become trained. 

The high degree of skill of which the game by the introduction of narrow 
arches, hard rubber balls, and the most approved implements of play has been 
made capable, prevents it being regarded as only fit for children. 

The chief points of excellence in Croquet may be enumerated as follows :— 

First. Accuracy in croqueting or making one ball hit another from the blow 
of the mallet. Here the accurate eye and the trained hand are needed, for at a 
distance of 80 feet a ball 3^4 inches in diameter subtends a very small angle, and 
a very small divergence of the line of direction of the impinging mallet will 
cause the struck ball to go wide of its desired course. 

Second. Ability to take position in front of Arches so as to pass through 
them successfully, for the Arches being only S l / 2 inches wide give little chance 
of passing through to a ball of Sli inches when in a " wild position. 1 ' 

Third. " Wiring' 1 or "staking" an adversary's ball so as to leave no ball 
"open" or "exposed." This is done sometimes from a distance of fifteen or 
twenty feet ; and fourth, and greatest of all, is good generalship, for without 
this all excellence attained in the three preceding points will be manifested in 
vain in a hard-fought game. Closely associated with the first, is the ability to 
"drive" or "block" the ball at a certain angle to reach a position desired. 
This will be attempted only when balls are near together, for at a long range 
roquet only is attempted. It is possible also that "jump shooting " ought to be 
added to these, for this, at first thought seemingly impossible method of play, is 
a special feature with some players, and not infrequently they are relieved from 
an otherwise inextricable position by a timely jump shot by which a ball from a 
peculiar downward stroke of the mallet may be made to pass over one or more 
intervening arches and "capture" a ball supposed to be safe from all danger. 

The game of Croquet should be played on ground as nearly level as possi- 
ble, in size 80x45 feet. The surface should be well-rolled dirt, lightly sanded to 
hold the balls. While the game may be played on turf, all national, match, or 
tournament games shall be played on a dirt or "made" ground. The Wickets 
shall not be more than four inches in width and eight to ten inches above 
ground. 

The wickets should be sunk into the ground six or eight inches, or set in 
blocks of wood, buried under the surface, to insure stability. When the ground 
will admit of it, the Stakes should be placed seventy feet apart ; the first arch 
seven feet in front of the starting stake ; the second seven feet from the first 
the third, fourteen feet to the right of, and one foot in advance of the second ; 
the fourth on a line with the first and second, and twenty-one feet in advance of 
the second. The remaining five at the same relative distances ; thus there will 
be five arches in line between the stakes, and four wing arches. Play is from 
right to left. 

SUGGESTIONS. 

In this, as in every other game, there are certain general principles which 
should guide one in his play. Before referring to these we will notice first mal- 
lets, and second the position taken in the use of the mallet. A mallet should be 
from seven to eight inches in length, by about two and a fourth inches in diam- 



10 



OUTDOOR SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 



eter, with handle from twelve to eighteen inches long. The size and weight 
should be that which, after trial, the player likes the best. 

As regards position in striking, let every man be a law unto himself. My 
way might not suit you, and yours would not suit me ; yet while occupying very 
different positions, we may aim and execute with equal accuracy. Do not be 
too long in your aim; a quick stroke often getting your line between two balls 
is generally the most accurate, but there is one point that all must observe if the 
ball is to hit the mark, after getting your line of aim, and your mallet resting 
ready for the stroke, keep your eyes fixed on your own ball. Any deviation 
from this rule, either for short or long shots, will end in failure. 

And now as to a few general principles to be observed : — 

First. Keep your own balls together, and separate those of your adversary. 

Second. Keep with you or your partner the " innocent 1 ' or last played ball 
of your adversary. 

Third. Keep the "guilty' 1 or next playing bail of your adversary wired as 
much as possible. 

Fourth. When you can make no further run, give your partner the best set 
up you can. 

Fifth. Do not play for the guilty ball when if you miss you give him a 
chance better than he has before. 

Sixth. If you have but a poor chance to make a run, set up the balls for 
your partner. 

Seventh. In making a run, provide as much as possible for points ahead. 
Do not leave balls behind you if you can avoid it. 

RULES, 



INTERFERING WITH PLAYERS. 

Rule 1. — No player or other person shall be permitted to interfere with the 
result of a game by any word or act calculated to embarrass the player, nor 
&hall any one speak to a player while in the act of shooting, except a partner. 

ORDER OF COLORS. 

Rule 2. — The order of colors shall be red, white, blue, black. 

MALLETS. 

Rule 3. — There shall be no restriction in kind or size of mallet used — one 
or two hands may be used in striking. 

Rule 4. — No player shall change his mallet during a game without permis- 
sion of his opponent, except in case of accident, or to make a " jump shot." 

Rule 5.— Should a ball or mallet break in striking, the player may demand 
another stroke with a new ball or mallet. 

CLIPS OR MARKERS. 

Rule 6. — Every player shall be provided with a clip or indicator, the same 
color as his ball, painted on one side only, which he must affix to his arch next 
in order in course of play, before his partner plays, with the painted side show- 
ing the direction in which he is going, Should he fail to do so his clip must 
remain upon the arch it rested on before he played, and he must make the 



CROQUET RULES. 



11 



points again. Should he move his marker beyond or back of the point he is for, 
his attention must be called to such error before he plays again, otherwise it 
shall be allowed to stand. Should a player put a ball through its arch, he must 
at once move the corresponding clip. 

OPENING OF GAME. 

Rule 7.— The game shall be opened by scoring from the upper border for 
an imaginary line drawn through the middle wicket. 

Rule 8.— The first play with each ball shall be made after placing it on a 
line half-way between the starting stake and the first arch, and play may be 
made for the arch on any ball that is in play, or in any direction the player may 
choose. 

Rule 9. — A ball shot for the first arch failing to make it, must remain where 
it rests. It can be roqueted, roquet-croqueted, and can, in its proper turn, 
roquet and roquet-croquet any ball on the field the same as though it had run 
the arch. 

BALLS — HOW STRUCK. 

Rule 10.— The ball must be struck with the face of the mallet, the stroke 
being delivered whenever touching the ball it moves it. Should a stake or wire 
intervene, the player cannot strike them unless the ball is struck at the same 
time, and if the ball is moved, without being struck by the face of the mallet, 
"it shall remain where it rests, and should a point be made, or hit, it shall not 
be allowed, except by the decision of the umpire as to the fairness of the shot.'" 

Rule 11.— When making a direct shot (L <?., roquet), the player must not push 
or follow the ball with his mallet ; but when taking croquet from a ball (two 
balls being in contact), he may follow his ball with the mallet, but must not 
strike it twice. 

Rule 12. — If a player strikes his ball before his opponent has finished his 
play, the stroke shall stand, or be made over, at the option of the opponent. 

Rule 13.— Should a ball rest against or near a wire, and the umpire or other 
person agreed on, should decide that in order to pass through the arch less than 
half the ball would be on the far side when impinging on the opposite wire, it 
shall be considered a push shot and shall not be made. 

BALLS— WHEN NOT TO BE TOUCHED. 

RuLe 14.— A ball must not be touched while on the field, except after a roquet, 
when it is necessary to place it beside the roqueted ball for the purpose of cro- 
quet, or to replace it when it has been moved by accident — except by permission 
of the opponent. 

ROQUET AND CROQUET. 

Rule 15. — A ball roquets another when it comes in contact with it by a blow 
from the player's mallet, or rebounds from a wicket or stake, also when it comes 
in contact with it when roquet-croquet is taken from another ball ; but not when 
rebounding from any obstacle that marks the limit of the field ; and should a 
ball be thus moved, it shall be replaced before play can proceed. 

Rule 10.— A player after making roquet, shall not stop his ball . for the pur- 
pose of preventing its hitting another. Should he do so his play ceases and all 
balls shall be replaced as before the stroke, or remain, at the option of the oppo- 
nent. 



12 



OUTDOOR SPORTS AKD PASTIMES. 



Rule IT.— Loose croquet, or roquet-croquet, is striking a ball when it is in 
contact with another where it has been placed for the purpose of croquet, 
after roqueting it. 

Rule 18. — Roquet gives to the player the privilege of roquet-croquet only 
and play must be made from the roqueted ball. 

Rule 19. — If a player in taking a roquet-croquet from a ball fails to move it, 
such stroke ends his play, and the ball must be returned, or left where it stops, at 
the option of the opponent. 

Rule 20. — A player, in each turn of play, is at liberty to roquet any ball on 
the ground once only before making a point. 

Rule 21. — Should a player roquet-croquet a ball he has not roqueted, he 
loses his turn, and all balls moved by such play must be replaced to the satisfac- 
tion of the umpire or adversary. Should the mistake not be discovered before 
the player has made another stroke, the play shall be valid, and the player con- 
tinue his play. 

Rule 22. — In taking roquet-croquet from a ball, if player's ball strikes 
another that he has already roqueted, such stroke does not end his play. 

Rule 23. — If a player roquets two or more balls at the same stroke, he must 
use the first ball roqueted only. 

MAKING- OF POINTS. 

Rule 24. — A player makes a point in the game when he runs an arch, or 
strikes a stake in his proper play. 

Rule 25. — If the player makes a point, and afterwards at the same stroke 
roquets a ball, he must take the point and use the ball. If the roqueted ball is 
beyond the arch, as determined by rule 46, and playing ball rests through the 
arch, the arch is held to be first made. 

Rule 26.— If a ball roquets another, and afterwards at the same stroke makes 
a point it must take the ball and reject the point. 

Rule 27. — A player continues to play so long as he makes a point in the 
game, or roquets another ball to which he is in play. 

Rule 28. — A ball making two or more points at the same stroke, has only the 
same privilege as if it made but one. 

Rule 29. — Should a ball be driven through its arch, or against its stake by 
roquet-croquet or concussion, it is a point made by that ball, except it be a rover. 

PLAYING ON DEAD BALL. 

Rule 30.— If a player play by direct shot on a dead ball, all balls displaced 
by such shot shall be replaced in their former position, and the player's ball, 
placed against the dead ball on the side from which it came ; or all balls rest 
where they lie, at the option of the opponent. 

Rule 31.— If the player, in making a direct shot, strike a ball on which he 
has already played, i. e., a dead ball, his play ceases. Any point, or part of a 
point, or ball struck, after striking the dead ball is not allowed. And both 
balls must be replaced in accordance with Rule 30. 

But if, playing ball in passing through its arch, strike a dead ball that is 
beyond the arch, as determined by Rule 46, the ball shall not be considered a dead 
ball if playing ball rests through its arch, and the point shall be allowed. 



CROQUET UTILES. 



L3 



BALLS MOVED OR INTERFERED WITH BY ACCIDENT OR 
DESIGN. 

Rule 32.— A ball accidentally misplaced, otherwise than as provided for in 
Rule 37, must be returned to its position before play can proceed. 

Rule 33. — If a ball is stopped or diverted from its course by an opponent, 
the player may repeat the shot or not as he chooses. Should he decline to make 
the shot over, the ball must remain where it stops, and, if playing ball, must play 
from there. 

Rule 34.— If a ball is stopped or diverted from its course by a player, or his 
partner, the opponent may demand a repetition of the shot if he chooses — 
should he decline to do so, the ball must remain where it stops, and, if playing 
ball must play from there. 

Rule S5. — If a ball while rolling, is stopped or diverted from its course by 
any object inside the ground, not pertaining to the game or ground, other than 
provided for in Rules 33 and 34, the shot may be taken over, or allowed to 
remain, at the option of the player. If not taken over, the ball must remain 
where it stops, and, if playing ball play from there. 

BALLS IN CONTACT. 

Rule 36.— Should a player, on commencing his play, find his ball in contact 
with another, he may hit his own as he likes, and then has subsequent privi- 
leges the same as though the balls were separated an inch or more. 

FOUL STROKE. 

Rule 37.— Should a player in making a stroke move with his mallet any other 
than his object ball, it shall be a foul and his play ceases, and all balls moved 
shall be replaced as before the stroke, or remain where they rest, at the option 
of the opponent. See Rules 10, 11 and 12. 

BOUNDARY LINES. 

Rule 38. — A ball shot over boundary line must be returned at right angles 
from where it stops before play can proceed. 

Rule 39. — A ball is in the field only when the whole ball is within the bound- 
ary line. 

Rule 40. — Xo play is allowed from beyond the boundary line, except when 
a ball is placed in contact with another for the purpose of roquet-croquet. 

Rule 41.— If a player strikes his ball when over the boundary line, he shall 
lose his stroke, and the balls shall be replaced or left where they stop, at the 
option of the opponent. 

Rule 42. — If a player roquet a ball that is off the field, either by direct shot 
or from roquet-croquet, the stroke shall not be allowed ; and such roqueted ball 
shall be placed in the field opposite the point where it lay before being thus hit. 
And if such roquet ball is made by a direct shot, ihe play ceases. 

Rule 43. — The first ball driven over the boundary line into a corner must bo 
placed on the corner at the intersection of the two boundary lines. 

Rule 44. — If a ball, having been struck over the boundary line, is returnable 
at the corner, another ball being on or entitled to the corner, it shall be placed 
on that side of the corner on which it went off. 

Rule 45.— If two balls having been shot over the boundary line, rest directly 
behind one another at right angles with boundary line, they shall be placed on 



14 



OUTDOOR SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 



the line alongside of each other in the direction from whence they were played 
off. This can occur only when the centres of the two balls rest directly behind 
one another, at right angles with the boundary line. 

BALL-WHEN THROUGH AN ARCH. 

Rule 46. — A ball is not through an arch when a straight edge laid across the 
two wires on the side from whence the ball come, touches the ball without mov- 
ing the arch. 

BALL-WHEN IN POSITION. 

Rule 47. — If a ball has been placed under an arch, for the purpose of roquet- 
croquet, it is not in position ro run that arch. 

Rule 48. — If a ball be driven under its arch from the wrong direction, and 
rests there, it is not in position to run that arch in the right direction. 

Rule 49. — If a ball shot through its arch in the right direction, rolls back 
through or under that arch, the point is not made, but the ball is in position if 
left there 

HITTING- BALL WHILE MAKING WICKET. 

Rule 50. — Cage wickets may be made in one, two or more turns, provided 
the ball stops within limit of the cage. 

Rule 51. — Any playing ball within, or under, a wicket, becomes dead to 
advancement through the wicket from that position, if it comes in contact with 
any other ball by a direct shot. 

ROVERS. 

Rule 52. — A rover is a ball that has run every arch and hit the turning stake 
in its proper turn of play. 

Rule 53. — A rover has the right of roqueting and roquet-croqueting every 
ball on the ground once during each turn of play, and is subject to being 
roqueted and roquet-croqueted by any ball in play. 

Rule 54. — Rovers must be continued in the game until partners become 
rovers, and go out successively, and a rover that has been driven against the 
stake cannot be removed to make way for the next rover. 

PLAYING OUT OF TURN, OR WRONG BALL. 

Rule 55. — If a player plays out of his proper turn, whether with his own or 
any other ball, or in his proper turn plays the wrong ball, and the mistake is 
discovered before the next player has commenced his play, all benefit from any 
point or points made is lost, and his turn of play forfeited. All balls moved by 
the mis-play must be returned to their former position by the umpire or adver- 
sary. If the mistake is not discovered until after the next player has made his 
first stroke, the error must stand. 

POINTS RE-MADE. 

Rule 56. — If a player makes a point he has already made his marker not 
being on that point, and the mistake is discovered before the next point is made, 
the play ceases with the shot by which the wicket was re-made, and the marker 
remains where it stood at the beginning of this play. All balls shall be left in 
the position they had at the time the wicket was re-made. If not discovered 
before the next point is made, the points so made are good and play proceeds 
the same as if no error had been made. 



CROQUET RULES. 15 

ERROR IN ORDER OF PLAY. 

Rule 57.— If an error in order is discovered after a player has struck his 
ball, he shall be allowed to finish his play, provided he is playing in the regular 
sequence of his partner's ball last played. In case of dispute as to proper 
sequence of balls, it shall be decided by the umpire ; if there is no umpire, by 
lot. No recourse shall be had to lot unless each party expresses the belief that 
the other is wrong. 

Rule 58. — At any time an error in order is discovered, the opposite side shall 
follow with the same ball last played (the proper sequence) ; but before play- 
ing, their opponents shall have the privilege to demand a transposition of 
adversaries balls. 

Example.— Black plays by mistake after Red — the error is not discovered — 
Blue plays in the proper sequence of his partner Red, and seeing that Black 
has just played, is thus led to believe it the innocent ball, and upon concluding 
his play leaves Black by Red. Now if error in order is discovered the player of 
Red and Blue can demand that the position of Black and White be transposed. 

CHANGING SURFACE OF GROUND. 

Rule 59. — The surface of grounds shall not be changed during a game by 
either player, unless by consent of the umpire, and if so changed at the time 
of playing, the shot shall be declared lost. 

CORNER PIECES. 

Rule 60.— In all subsequent construction of grounds a corner piece eighteen 
inches in length shall be inserted, leaving the boundary of the grounds inside, 
however, square at the corners. 

PENALTY— GENERAL RULE. 

Rule 61. — If a rule is violated, a penalty for which has not been provided, 
the player shall cease his play. 

The following rules were adopted for the government of the croquet tour- 
nament, August, 1885. 

Rule 1. — The tournament games shall be played in accordance with the rules 
of the National Croquet Association. 

Rule 2. — Each club shall be entitled to enter one player, who shall play one 
game with each of the other players. 

Rule 3.— No player shall be allowed to enter after 8 o'clock Wednesday 
morning. 

Rule 4. — All players are expected to remain to the finish and play all games 
assigned to them. 

Rule 5. — The order of play shall be determined by lot, names being drawn 
each evening by the secretary for the following day till all are drawn. Should 
the drawing for the day be exhausted the secretary shall make extra drawing. 

Rule 6. — Should any player fail to be present when his turn comes, the next 
in order shall play, and the former's game be forfeited, unless excused by 
a two-thirds vote of the contestants. 

Rule 7.— Should any player leave before he has played all his games, his 
name and games shall be stricken from the list. 

Rule 8. — All disputed points shall be referred to an umpire, to be chosen 
before play by the contestants, and in case of his inability to decide, to three 
referees, to be chosen by the committee of arrangements. 

Rule 9. — Games shall be called by 8 a. m., and no game shall be begun after 
6 p. m. 

Rule 10. — All ties shall be played off in accordance with the above rules. 

Rule 11. — In case of darkness coming on during a game, the umpire shall 
decide when the game shall stop, and if stopped, shall be continued first in 
order the next morning. 

The social tournament games will be governed by the same rules as the 
prize tournament games. 



CORRECT DIAGRAM OF A BALL GROUND. 



Centre 



Left 



Eight. 




BASE BALL. 



National Playing Rules of Professional Base Ball Clubs, 

AS ADOPTED JOINTLY BY THE NATIONAL LEAGUE AND AMERICAN 
ASSOCIATION, 1889, AND GOVERNING ALL CLUBS 
PARTIES TO THE NATIONAL AGREEMENT. 



THE BALL GROUND. 

Rule 1. The ground must be an enclosed field, sufficient in size to enable 
each player to play in his position as required by these Rules. 

Rule 2. The Infield must be a space of ground thirty yards square. 

THE BASES. 
Rule 3. The bases must be— 

Sec. 1. Four in number, and designated as First Base, Second Base, Third 
Base and Home Base. 

Sec. 2. The Home Base must be of whitened rubber twelve inches square, 
so fixed in the ground as to be even with the surface, and so placed in the cor- 
ner of the infield that two of its sides will form part of the boundaries of said 
infield. 

Sec. 3. The First, Second and Third Bases must be canvas bags, fifteen 
inches square, painted white, and filled with some soft material, and so placed 
that the center of the second base shall be upon its corner of the infield, and 
the center of the first and third bases shall be on the lines running to and from 
second base and seven and one-half inches from the foul lines. 

Sec. 4. All the bases must be securely fastened in their positions, and so 
placed as to be distinctly seen by the Umpire. 

THE FOUL LINES. 

Rule 4. The Foul Lines must be drawn in straight lines from the outer 
corner of the Home Base, along the outer edge of the First and Third Bases to 
the boundaries of the Ground. 

THE POSITION LINES. 

Rule 5. The Pitcher's Lines must be straight lines forming the boundaries 
of a space of ground, in the infield, five and one-half feet long by four feet 
wide, distant fifty feet from the center of the home Base, and so placed that the 
five and one-half feet lines would each be two feet distant from and parallel 
with a straight line passing through the center of the Home and Second Bases. 



IS 



OUTDOOR SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 



Each corner of this space must be marked by a flat iron plate or stone six 
inches square, fixed in the ground even with the surface. 

Rule 6. The Catcher's Lines must be drawn from the outer corner of the 
Home Base, in continuation of the Foul Lines, straight to the limits of the 
Ground back of Home Base. 

Rule 7. The Captain's or Coacher's Lines must be a line fifteen feet from 
and parallel with the Foul Lines, said lines commencing at a line parallel with 
and fifty-five feet distant from the catcher's lines, and running thence to the 
limits of the grounds. 

Rule 8. The Players' Lines must be drawn from the Catcher's Lines to the 
limits of the Ground, fifty feet distant from and parallel with, the foul lines. 

Rule 9. The Batsman's Lines must be straight lines forming the bound- 
aries of a space on the right, and of a similar space on the left of the Home 
Base, six feet long by four feet wide, extending three feet in front of and three 
feet behind the center of the Home Base, and with its nearest line distant six 
inches from the Home Base. 

Rule 10. The Three Feet Lines must be drawn as follows: From a point 
on the Foul Line from Home Base to First Base, and equally distant from such 
bases, shall be drawn a line on Foul Ground, at a right angle to said Foul Line, 
and to a point three feet distant from it; thence running parallel with said 
Foul Line, to a point three feet distant from the First Base ; thence in a straight 
line to the Foul Line, and thence upon the Foul Line to point of beginning. 

Rule 11. The lines designated in Rules 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, must be 
marked with chalk or other suitable material, so as to be distinctly seen by the 
Umpire. They must all be marked their entire length, except the captain's and 
Player's Lines, which must be so marked for a distance of at least thirty-five 
yards from Catcher's Lines. 

THE BALL. 

Rule 12. The Ball- 
Sec. 1. Must not weigh less than five nor more than five and one-quarter 
ounces avoirdupois, and measure not less than nine nor more than nine and 
one-quarter inches in circumference. The Spalding League Ball, or the Reach 
American Association Ball must be used in all games played under these rules. 

Sec. 2. For each companionship game two balls shall be furnished by the 
Home Club to the Umpire for use. When the ball in plays is batted over the 
fence or stands, on to foul ground out of sight of the players, the other ball 
shall be immediately put into play by the Umpire. As often as one of the two 
in use shall be lost, a new one must be substituted, so that the Umpire may at 
all times, after the game begins, have two for use. The moment the Umpire 
delivers the alternate ball to the catcher or pitcher it comes into play, and shall 
not be exchanged until it, in turn, passes out of sight on to foul ground. 

Sec. 3. In all games the ball or balls played with shall be furnished by the 
Home Club, and the last ball in play becomes the property of the winning club. 
Each ball to be used in championship games shall be examined, measured and 
weighed by the Secretary of the Association, inclosed in a paper box and sealed 
with the seal of the Secretary, which seal shall not be broken except by the 
Umpire in the presence of the captains of the two contesting nines after play 
has been called. 



BASE BALL BULES. 



19 



Sec. 4. Should the ball become out of shape, or cut or ripped so as to 
expose the yarn, or in any way so injured as to be— in the opinion of the 
Umpire— unfit for fair use, the Umpire, on being appealed to by either captain, 
shall at once put the alternate ball into play and call for a new one. 

THE BAT. 

Rule 13. The Bat- 
Sec. 1. Must be made wholly of wood, except that the handle may be 

wound with twine or a granulated substance applied, not to exceed eighteen 

inches from the end. 

Sec. 2. It must be round, except that a portion of the surface may be flat 

on one side, but it must not exceed two and one-half inches in diameter in the 

thickest part, and must not exceed forty-two inches in length. 

THE PLAYERS AND THEIR POSITIONS. 

Rule 14. The players of each club in a game shall be nine in number, one 
of whom shall act as Captain, and in no case shall less than nine men be 
allowed to play on each side. 

Rule 15. The players 1 positions shall be such as may be assigned them by 
their Captain, except that the Pitcher must take his position within the 
Pitcher's Lines, as defined in Kule 5. When in position on the field, all players 
will be designated "Fielders " in these rules. 

Rule 16. Players in uniform shall not be permitted to seat themselves 
among the spectators. 

Rule 17. Every Club shall be required to adopt uniforms for its players, 
and each player shall be required to present himself upon the field during said 
game in a neat and cleanly condition, but no player shall attach anything to 
the sole or heel of his shoes other than the ordinary base ball shoe plate. 

THE PITCHER'S POSITION. 

Rule 18. The pitcher shalL take his position facing the batsman, with 
both feet square on the ground, one foot on the rear line of the "box." He 
shall not raise either foot, unless in the act of delivering the ball, nor make 
more than one step in such delivery. He shall hold the ball, before the deliv- 
ery, fairly in front of his body, and in sight of the Umpire. When the pitcher 
feigns to throw the ball to a base he must resume the above position and pause 
momentarily before delivering the ball to the bat. 

THE BATSMEN'S POSITION— ORDER OF BATTING. 

Rule 19. The batsmen must take their positions within the Batsmen's 
Lines, as defined in Rule 9, in the order in which they are named on the score, 
which must contain the batting order of both nines, and be submitted by the 
Captains of the opposing teams to the Umpire before the game, and when 
approved by him this score must be followed, except in the case of a substi- 
tute player, in which case the substitute must take the place of the original 
player in the batting order. After the first inning the first striker in each 
inning shall be the batsman whose name follows that of the last man who has 
completed his turn — time at bat— in the preceding inning. 

Rule 20. Sec. 1. When their side goes to the bat the players must 
immediately return to and seat themselves upon the players' bench and remain 



20 



OUTDOOR SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 



there until the side is put out, except when batsman or base runner. All bats 
not in use must be kept in the bat racks, and the two players next succeeding 
the batsman, in the order in which they are named on the score, must be ready 
with bat in hand to promptly take position as batsman; provided, that the 
Captain and one assistant only may occupy the space between the players' lines 
and the Captain's lines to coach base runners. 

Sec. 2. No player of the side at bat, except when Batsman, shall occupy 
any portion of the space within the Catcher's Lines, as defined in Rule 6. The 
triangular space behind the Home Base is reserved for the exclusive use of the 
Umpire, Catcher and Batsman, and the Umpire must prohibit any player of the 
side "at bat "from crossing the same at any time while the ball is in the 
hands of, or passing between, the Pitcher and Catcher, while standing in their 
positions. 

J$>ec. 3. The players of the side "at bat" must occupy the portion of the 
field allotted them, but must speedily vacate any portion thereof that may be in 
the way of the ball, or of any Fielder attempting to catch or field it. 

PLAYERS' BENCHES. 

Rule 21. The Players' Benches must be furnished by the home club, and 
placed upon a portion of the ground outside the Players' Lines. They must be 
twelve feet in length, and must be immovably fastened to the ground. At the 
end of each bench must be immovably fixed a bat rack, with fixtures for hold- 
ing twenty bats ; one such rack must be designated for the exclusive use of the 
Visiting Club, and the other for the exclusive use of the Home Club. 

THE GAME. 

Rule 22. Sec. 1. Every Championship Game must be commenced not 
later than two hours before sunset. 

Sec. 2. A Game shall consist of nine innings to each contesting nine, 
except that, 

(a) If the side first at bat scores less runs in nine innings than the other 
side has scored in eight innings, the game shall then terminate. 

(b) If the side last at bat in the ninth inning scores the winning run be- 
fore the third man is out, the game shall terminate, upon the return of the ball 
to the pitcher. 

A TIE GAME. 

Rule 23. If the score be a tie at the end of nine innings to each side, 
play shall only be continued until the side first at bat shall have scored one or 
more runs than the other side, in an equal number of innings, or until the other 
side shall score one or more runs than the side first at bat. 

A DRAWN GAME. 

Rule 24. A Drawn Game shall be called by the Umpire when he termi- 
nates a game on account of darkness or rain, after five equal innings have been 
played, if the score at the time is equal on the last even innings played; but if 
the side that went second to bat is then at the bat, and has scored the same 
number of runs as the other side, the Umpire shall declare the game drawn, 
without regard to the score of the last equal innings. 



•BASE BALL RULES 



21 



A CALLED GAME. 

Rule 25. If the Umpire calls "Game 11 on account of darkness or rain at 
any time after five innings have been completed by both sides, the score shall 
be that of the last equal innings played, unless the side second at bat shall have 
scored one or more runs than the side first at bat, in which case the score of 
the game shall be the total number of runs made. 

A FORFEITED GAME. 

Rule 26. A Forfeited Game shall be declared by the Umpire in favor of 
the club not in fault, at the request of such club, in the following cases:— 

Sec. 1. If the nine of a club fail to appear upon the field, or being upon 
the field, fail to begin the game within five minutes after the Umpire has called 
"Play," at the hour appointed for the beginning of the game, unless such delay 
in appearing or in commencing the game be unavoidable. 

Sec. 2. If, after the game has begun, one side refuses or fails to continue 
playing, unless such game has been suspended or terminated by the Umpire. 

Sec. 3. If, after play has been suspended by the Umpire, one side fails to 
resume playing within five minutes after the Umpire has called "Play.'" 

Sec. 4. If, in the opinion of the Umpire, any one of these rules is will- 
fully violated. 

Sec. 5. If, after ordering the removal of a player, as authorized by Rule 
57, Sec. 5, said order is not obeyed within five minutes. 

Sec. 6. In case the Umpire declares a game forfeited, he shall transmit a 
written notice thereof to the President of the Association within twenty-four 
hours thereafter. 

NO GAME. 

Rule 27. "No Game 1 ' shall be declared by the Umpire if he shall termi- 
nate play on account of rain or darkness, before five innings on each side are 
completed. 

SUBSTITUTES. 

Rule 28. Sec. 1. In every championship game each team shall be re- 
quired to have present on the field, in uniform, at least one or more substitute 
players. 

Sec. 2. One player, whose name shall be printed on the score card as an 
extra player, may be substitute ! at the eai of any completed innings by either 
club, but the player retired shall not thereafter participate in the game. In 
addition thereto a substitute may be allowed at any time in place of a player 
disabled in the game then being played, by reason of illness or injury, of the 
nature and extent of which the Umpire shall be the sole judge. 

Sec. 3. The Base Runner shall not have a substitute run for him, except 
by consent of the Captains of the contesting teams. 

CHOICE OF INNINGS— CONDITION OF GROUNDS. 
Rule 29. The choice of innings shall be given to the Captain of the 
Home Club, who shall also be the sole judge of the fitness of the ground for 
beginning a game after rain. 

THE DELIVERY OF THE BALL -FAIR AND UNFAIR BALLS. 

Rule 30. A Fair Ball is a ball delivered by the Pitcher while standing 
Wholly within the lines of his position, and facing the batsman, the ball, so de- 



32 



OUTDOOR SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 



livered to pass over the home base, not lower than the batsman's knee nor, 
higher than his shoulder. 

Rule 31. An Unfair Ball is a ball delivered by the Pitcher, as in Rule 30, 
except that the ball does not pass over the Home Base, or does pass over the 
Home Base above the batsman's shoulder, or below the knee. 

BALKING. 

Rule 32. A Balk is— 

Sec. 1. Any motion made by the Pitcher to deliver the ball to the bat with- 
out delivering it, and shall be held to include any and every accustomed mo- 
tion with the hands, arms or feet, or position of the body assumed by the 
Pitcher in his delivery of the ball, and any motion calculated to deceive a base 
runner, except the ball be accidentally dropped. 

Sec. 2. The holding of the ball by the Pitcher so long as to delay the 
game unnecessarily ; or— 

Sec. 3. Any motion to deliver the ball, or the delivering the ball to the 
bat by the Pitcher when any part of his person is upon ground outside of the 
lines of his position, including all preliminary motions with the hands, arms 
and feet. 

DEAD BALLS. 

Rule 33. A Dead Ball is a ball delivered to the bat by the Pitcher that 
touches the Batsman's bat without being struck at, or any part of the Batsman's 
person or clothing while standing in his position without being struck at; or 
any part of the Umpire's person or clothing, while on foul ground, without 
first passing the Catcher. 

Rule 34. In case of a Foul Strike, Foul Hit ball not legally caught out, 
Dead Ball, or Base Runner put out for being struck by a fair hit ball, the ball 
shall not be considered in play until it is held by the Pitcher standing in his 
position. 

BLOCK BALLS. 
Rule 35. Sec. 1. A Block is a batted or thrown ball that is stopped or 

handled by any person not engaged in the game. 

Sec. 2. Whenever a Block occurs the Umpire shall declare it, and Base 
Runners may run the bases, without being put out, until the ball has been re- 
turned to and held by the Pitcher standing in his position. 

Sec. 3. In the case of a Block, if the person not engaged in the game 
should retain possession of the ball, or throw or kick it beyond the reach of 
the Fielders, the Umpire should call "Time," and require each base runner to 
stop at the last base touched by him until the ball be returned to the Pitcher 
standing in his position. 

THE SCORING- OF RUNS. 

Rule 36. One Run shall be scored every time a Base Runner, after having 
legally touched the first three bases, shall touch the Home Base before three 
men are put out. If the third man is forced out, or is put out before reaching 
First Base, a run shall not be scored. 

THE BATTING RULES. 

Rule 37. A Fair Hit is a ball batted by the batsman, standing in his posi- 
tion, that first touches the ground, the First Base, the Third Base, any part of 



BASE BALL RULES. 



33 



the person of a player, Umpire or any other object that is in front of or on 
either of the Foul Lines, or batted directly to the ground by the Batsman, 
standing in his position, that (whether it first touches Foul or Fair Ground) 
bounds or rolls within the Foul Lines, between Home and First, or Home and 
Third Bases, without interference by a player. 

Rule 38. A Foul Hit is a ball batted by the Batsman, standing in his posi- 
tion, that first touches the ground, any part of the person of a player, or any 
other object that is behind either of the Foul Lines, or that strikes the person of 
such Batsman, while standing in his position, or batted directly to the ground 
by the Batsman, standing in his position, that (whether it first touches Foul or 
Fair Ground) bounds or rolls outside the Foul Lines, between Home and First 
or Home and Third Bases, without interference by a player. Provided, that a 
Foul Hit not rising above the Batsman's head and caught by the Catcher play- 
ing within ten feet of the Home Base, shall be termed a Foul Tip. 

BALLS BATTED OUTSIDE THE GROUNDS. 

Rule 39. When a batted ball passes outside the grounds, the Umpire 
shall decide it Fair should it disappear within, or Foul should it disappear out- 
side of the range of the Foul Lines, and Rules 37 and 38 are to be construed 
accordingly. 

Rule 40. A Fair batted ball that goes over the fence at a less distance 
than two hundred and ten feet from Home Base shall entitle the Batsman to 
two bases, and a distinctive line shall be marked on the fence at this point. 

STRIKES. 

Rule 41. A Strike is— 

Sec. 1. A ball struck at by the Batsman without its touching his bat; or — 
Sec. 2. A Fair Ball, legally delivered by the Pitcher, but not struck at by 
the Batsman. 

Sec. 3. Any obvious attempt to make a foul hit. 

Rule 42. A Foul Strike is a ball batted by the Batsman when any part of 
his person is upon ground outside the Batsman's position. 

THE BATSMAN IS OUT. 
Rule 43. The batsman is out- 
Sec. 1 . If he fails to take his position at the bat in his order of batting, 
unless the error be discovered and the proper Batsman takes his position before 
a fair hit has been made, and in such case the balls and strikes called must be 
counted in the time at bat of proper Batsman; Provided, this rule shall not take 
effect unless the out is declared before the ball is delivered to the succeeding 
Batsman. 

Sec. 2. If he fails to take his position within one minute after the Umpire 
has called for the Batsman. 

Sec. 3. If he makes a Foul Hit other than a Foul Tip as defined in Rule 
33 and the ball be momentarily held by a Fielder before touching the ground, 
provided it be not caught in a Fielder's hat or cap, or touch some object other 
than a Fielder before being caught. 

Sec. 4. If he makes a Foul Strike. 

Sec. 5. If he attempts to hinder the Catcher from fielding the ball, evi- 
dently without effort to make a fair hit. 



24 



OUTDOOR SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 



Sec. 6. If, while the First Base be occupied by a base runner, three strikes 
be called on him by the Umpire, except when two men are already out. 

Sec. 7. If, while making the third strike, the ball hits his person or cloth- 
ing. 

Sec. 8. If, after two strikes have been called, the Batsman obviously 
attempts to make a foul hit, as in Section 3, Rule 41. 

BASE RUNNING RULES. 



WHEN THE BATSMAN BECOMES A BASE RUNNER. 

Rule 44. The Batsman becomes a Base Runner — 
Sec. 1. Instantly after he makes a Fair Hit. 

Sec. 2. Instantly after four balls have been called by the Umpire. 

Sec. 3. Instantly after three strikes have been declared by the Umpire. 

Sec. 4. If, while he be a Batsman, his person or clothing be hit by a ball 
from the pitcher, unless— in the opinion of the Umpire— he intentionally per- 
mits himself to be so hit. 

Sec. 5. Instantly after an illegal delivery of a ball by the pitcher. 
BASES TO BE TOUCHED. 

Rule 45. The Base Runner must touch each Base in regular order, viz. : 
First, Second, Third and Home Bases ; and when obliged to return (except on 
a foul hit) must retouch the base or bases in reverse order. He shall only be 
considered as holding a base after touching it and shall then be entitled to hold 
such base until he has legally touched the next base in order, or has been legally 
forced to vacate it for a succeeding Base Runner. 

ENTITLED TO BASES. 

Rule 46. The Base Runner shall be entitled, without being put out, to 
take one base in the following cases: — 

Sec. 1. If, while he was Batsman, the Umpire called four Balls. 

Sec. 2. If the Umpire awards a succeeding Batsman a base on four balls, 
or for being hit with a pitched ball, or in case of an illegal delivery— as in Rule 
44, Sec. 5— and the Base Runner is thereby forced to vacate the base held by 
him. 

Sec. 3. If the Umpire calls a " balk.' 1 

Sec. 4. If a ball delivered by the Pitcher pass the Catcher and touch the 
Umpire or any fence or building within ninety feet of the Home Base. 

Sec. 5. If upon a fair hit the Ball strikes the person or clothing of the 
Umpire on fair ground. 

Sec. 6. If he be prevented from making a base by the obstruction of an 
adversary. 

Sec. 7. If the Fielder stop or catch a batted ball with his hat or any part 
of his dress. 

RETURNING- TO BASES. 
Rule 47. The Base Runner shall return to his Base, and shall be entitled 

ti so return without being put out- 
Sec. 1. If the Umpire declares a Foul Tip (as denned in Rule 38) or any 

other Foul Hit not legally caught by Fielder. 



BASE BALL RULES. 



'35 



Sec. 2. If the Umpire declares a Foul Strike. 

Sec. 3. If the Umpire declares a Dead Ball, unless it be also the fourth 
Unfair Ball, and be thereby forced to take the next base, as provided in Rule 4G, 
Sec. 2. 

Sec. 4. If the person or clothing of the Umpire is struck by a ball thrown 
by the Catcher to intercept a Base Runner. 

WHEN BASE RUNNERS ARE OUT. 

Rule 48. The Base Runner is out- 
Sec. 1. If, after three strikes have been declared against him while Bats- 
man, and the Catcher fail to catch the third strike ball, he plainly attempts to 
hinder the Catcher from fielding the ball. 

Sec. 2. If, having made a Fair Hit while Batsman, such fair hit shall be 
momentarily held by a Fielder, before touching the ground or any object other 
than a Fielder. Provided, it be not caught in a Fielder's hat or cap. 

Sec. 3. If, when the Umpire has declared three strikes on him, while 
batsman, the third strike ball be momentarily held by a Fielder before touching 
the ground. Provided, it be not caught in a Fielder's hat or cap, or touch some 
object other than a Fielder before being caught. 

Sec. 4. If, after Three Strikes or a Fair Hit, he be touched with the ball in 
the hand of a Fielder before such Base Runner touches First Base. 

Sec. 5. If, after Three Strikes or a Fair Hit, the ball be securely held by a 
Fielder, while touching First Base with any part of his person, before such 
Base Runner touches First Base. 

Sec. 6. If, in running the last half of the distance from Home Base to 
First Base, he runs outside the Three Feet Lines, as denned in Rule 1Q; except 
that he must do so if necessary to avoid a Fielder attempting to field a batted 
ball, and in such case shall not be declared out. 

Sec. 7. If, in running from First to Second Base, from Second to Third 
Base, or from Third to Home Base, he runs more than three feet from a direct 
line between such bases to avoid being touched by the ball in the hands of a 
Fielder; but in case a Fielder be occupying the Base Runner's proper path, at- 
tempting to field a batted ball, then the Base Runner shall run out of the path 
and behind said Fielder, and shall not be declared out for so doing. 

Sec. 8. If he fails to avoid a Fielder attempting to field a batted ball, in 
the manner prescribed in Sections 6 and 7 of this Rule ; or if he, in any way, 
obstructs a Fielder attempting to field a batted ball, or intentionally interferes 
with a thrown balll : Provided, That if two or more Fielders attempt to field a 
batted ball, and the Base Runner comes in contact with one or more of them, 
the Umpire shall determine which Fielder is entitled to the benefit of this Rule, 
and shall not decide the Base Runner out for coming in contact with any other 
Fielder. 

Sec. 9. If, at any time while the ball is in play, he be touched by the ball 
in the hands of a Fielder, unless some part of his person is touching a base, he 
is entitled to occupy: Provided, The ball is held by the Fielder after touching 
him; but (exception as to First Base), in running to First Base, he may overrun 
said base without being put out for being off said base, after first touching it, 
provided he returns at once and retouches the base, after which he may be put 
out as at any other base. If, in overrunning First Base, he also attempts to run 



2(3 



OUTDOOR SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 



to Second Base, or, after passing the base he turns to his left from the foul 
line, he shall forfeit such exemption from being put out. 

Sec. 10. If, when a Fair or Foul Hit ball, other than a foul tip as referred 
to in Rule 38, is legally caught by a Fielder, such ball is legally held by a Fielder 
on the base occupied by the Base Runner when such ball was struck (or the 
Base Runner be touched with the ball in the hands of a Fielder), before he re- 
touches said base after such Fair or Foul Hit ball was so caught. Provided, 
That the Base Runner shall not be out in such case, if, after the ball was legally 
caught as above, it be delivered to the bat by the Pitcher before the Fielder 
holds it on said base, or touches the Base Runner with it; but if the Base Run- 
ner in attempting to reach a base, detaches it before being touched or forced 
out he shall be declared safe. 

Sec. 11. If, when a Batsman becomes a Base Runner, the First Base, or 
the First and Second Bases, or the First, Second and Third Bases, be occupied, 
any Base Runner so occupying a base shall cease to be entitled to hold it, until 
any following Base Runner is put out and may be put out at the next base or by 
being touched by the ball in the hands of a Fielder in the same manner as in 
running to First Base, at any time before any following Base Runner is 
put out. 

Sec. 12. If a Fair Hit ball strike him before touching the fielder, and in 
such case no base shall be run unless forced by the Batsman becoming a Base 
Runner, and no run shall be scored. 

Sec. 13. If when running to a base or forced to return to a base, he fail 
to touch the intervening base or bases, if any, in the order prescribed in Rule 
45, he may be put out at the base he fails to touch, or by being touched by the 
ball in the hands of a Fielder, in the same manner as in running to First Base. 

Sec. 14. If, when the Umpire calls "Play, 11 after any suspension of a 
game, he fails to return and touch the base he occupied when "Time 1 ' was 
called before touching the next base. 

WHEN BATSMAN OR BASE RUNNER IS OUT. 

Rule 49. The Umpire shall declare the Batsman or Base Runner out, with- 
out waiting for an appeal for such decision, in all cases where such player is 
put out in accordance with these rules, except as provided in Rule 48, Sections 
10 and 14. 

COACHING- RULES. 

Rule 50. The Captains and Coachers are restricted in coaching to the Base 
Runner only, and are not allowed to address any remarks except to the Base 
Runner, and then only in words of necessary direction ; and no player shall use 
language which will in any manner refer to or reflect upon a player of the oppos- 
ing club, or the audience. To enforce the above, the Captain of the opposite 
side may call the attention of the Umpire to the offence, and upon a repetition 
of the same the club shall be debarred from further coaching during the game. 

THE UMPIRE. 

Ruie 51. The Umpire shall not be changed during the progress of a game, 
except for reasons of illness or injury. 



BASE BALL RULES. 



27 



HIS POWERS AND JURISDICTION. 

Rule 52. Sec. 1. The Umpire is master of the Field from the commence- 
ment to the termination of the game, and is entitled to the respect of the specta- 
tors, and any person offering any insult or indignity to him must be promptly 
ejected from the grounds. 

Sec. 2. He must compel the players to observe the provisions of all the 
Playing Rules, and he is hereby invested with authority to order any player to 
do or omit to do any act as he may deem necessary, to give force and effect to 
any and all of such provisions. 

SPECIAL DUTIES. 
Rule 53. The Umpire's duties shall be as follows :— 

Sec. 1. The Umpire is the sole and absolute judge of play. In no instance 
shall any person be allowed to question the correctness of any decision made by 
him except the Captains of the contending nines, and no other player shall at 
such times leave his position in the field, his place at the bat, on the bases, or 
players' bench, to approach or address the Umpire in word or act upon such 
disputed decision. Neither shall any Manager or other officers of either club — 
except the Captains as before mentioned — be permitted to go upon the field or 
address the Umpire in regard to such disputed decision, under a penalty of a 
forfeiture of the game to the opposing club. The Umpire shall in no case appeal 
to any spectator for information in regard to any case, and shall not reverse his 
decision on any point of play on the testimony of any player or bystander. 

Sec. 2. Before the commencement of a Game, the Umpire shall see that 
the rules governing all the materials of the game are strictly observed. He shall 
ask the Captain of the Home Club whether there are any special ground rules to 
be enforced, and if there are, he shall see that they are duly enforced, provided 
they do not conflict with any of these Rules. He shall also ascertain whether 
the fence in the rear of the Catcher's position is distant ninety feet from the 
Home Base. 

Sec. 3. The Umpire must keep the contesting nines playing constantly 
from the commencement of the game to its termination, allowing such delays 
only as are rendered unavoidable by accident, injury, or rain. He must, until 
the completion of the game, require the players of each side to promptly take 
their positions in the field as soon as the third man is put out, and must require 
the first striker of the opposite side to be in his position at the bat as soon as the 
fielders are in their places. 

Sec. 4. The Umpire shall count and call every " unfair ball " delivered by 
the Pitcher, and every "dead ball," if also an unfair ball, as a "ball," and he 
shall also count and call every "strike." Neither a "ball" nor a "strike" 
shall be counted or called until the ball has passed the home base. He shall 
also declare every "Dead Ball," "Block," "Foul Hit," "Foul Strike," and 
"Balk." 

Rule. 54. For the special benefit of the patrons of the game, and because 
the offences specified are under his immediate jurisdiction, and not subject to 
appeal by players, the attention of the Umpire is particularly directed to possi- 
ble violations of the purpose and spirit of the Rules of the following character : 



28 



OUTDOOR SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 



Sec. 1. Laziness or loafing of players in taking their places in the field, or 
those allotted them by the Rules when their side is at the bat, and especially 
any failure to keep the bats in the racks provided for them ; to be ready (two 
men) to take position as Batsmen, and to remain upon the Players' Bench, 
except when otherwise required by the Rules. 

Sec. 2. Any attempt by players of the side at bat, by calling to a Fielder, 
other than the one designated by his Captain, to field a ball, or by any other 
equally disreputable means seeking to disconcert a Fielder. 

Sec. 3. The Rules make a marked distinction between hindrance of an 
adversary in fielding a batted or thrown ball. This has been done to rid the 
game of the childish excuses and claims formerly made by a Fielder failing 
to hold a ball to put out a Base Runner. But there may be cases of a Base 
Runner so flagrantly violating the spirit of the Rules and of the Game in 
obstructing a Fielder from fielding a thrown ball that it would become the 
duty of the Umpire, not only to declare the Base Runner "out" (and to com- 
pel any succeeding Base Runners to hold their bases), but also to impose a 
heavy fine upon him. For example: If the Base Runner plainly strike at the 
ball while passing him, to prevent its being caught by a Fielder; if he holds a 
Fielder's arms so as to disable him from catching the ball, or if he run against 
or knock the Fielder down for the same purpose. 

CALLING "PLAY " AND " TIME." 

Rule 55. The Umpire must call "Play," promptly at the hour designated 
by the Home Club, and on the call of " Play " the game must immediately begin. 
When he calls "Time," play shall be suspended until he calls "Play" again, 
and during the interim no player shall be put out, base be run, or run be 
scored. The Umpire shall suspend play only for an accident to himself or a 
player (but in case of accident to a Fielder, "Time" shall not be called until 
the ball be returned to, and held by the Pitcher, standing in his position), or in 
case rain falls so heavily that the spectators are compelled, by the severity of 
the storm, to seek shelter, in which case he shall note the time of suspension, 
and should such rain continue to fall thirty minutes thereafter, he shall ter- 
minate the game ; or to enforce order in case of annoyance from spectators. 

Rule 56. The Umpire is only allowed, by the Rules, to call "Time" in 
case of an accident to himself or a player, a "Block," as referred to in Rule 35, 
Sec. 3, or in case of rain, as defined by the Rules. The practice of players 
suspending the game to discuss or contest a discussion with the Umpire, is a 
gross violation of the Rules, and the Umpire must promptly fine any player who 
interrupts the game in this manner. 

INFLICTING- FINES. 

Rule 57. The Umpire is empowered to inflict fines of not less than $5.00 
nor more than $25.00 for the first offence on players during the progress of a 
game, as follows : — 

Sec. 1. For indecent or improper language addressed to the audience, the 
Umpire or any player 

Sec. 2. For the Captain or Coacher willfully failing to remain within the 
legal bounds of his position, except upon an appeal by the Captain from the 
Umpire's decision upon a misinterpretation of the rules. 



BASE BALL RULES. 



29 



Sec. 3. For the disobedience by a player of any other of his orders, or for 
any other violation of these Rules. 

Sec. 4. In case the Umpire imposes a fine on a player, he shall at once 
notify the Captain of the offending player's side, and shall transmit a written 
notice thereof to the President of the Association or League within twenty-four 
hours thereafter, under the penalty of having said fine taken from his own 
salary. 

Sec. 5. A repetition of any of the above offences shall, at the discretion of 
the Umpire, subject the offender either to a repetition of the fine or to remove 
from the field and the immediate substitution of another player then in uniform. 

FIELD RULES. 

Rule 58. No Club shall allow open betting or pool selling upon its 
grounds, nor in any building owned or occupied by it. 

Rule 59. No person shall be allowed upon any part of the field during 
the progress of the game, in addition to the players in uniform, the Manager on 
each side and the Umpire ; except such officers of the law as may be present in 
uniform, and such officials of the Home Club as may be necessary to preserve 
the peace. 

Rule 60. No Umpire, Manager, Captain or Player shall address the audi- 
ence during the progress of a game, except in case of necessary explanation. 

Rule 61. Every Club shall furnish sufficient police force upon its own 
grounds to preserve order, and in the event of a crowd entering the field during 
the progress of a game, and interfering with the play in any manner, the Visiting 
Club may refuse to play further until the field be cleared. If the ground be not 
cleared within fifteen minutes thereafter, the Visiting Club may claim, and shall 
be entitled to, the game by a score of nine runs to none (no matter what number 
of innings have been played). 

GENERAL DEFINITIONS. 

Rule 62. "Play" is the order of the Umpire to begin the game or to 
resume play after its suspension. 

, Rule 63. "Time" is the order of the Umpire to suspend play. Such 
suspension must not extend beyond the day of the game. 

Rule 64. "Game" is the announcement by the Umpire that the game is 
terminated. 

Rule 65. " An Inning " is the term at bat of the nine players representing 
a Club in a game, and is completed when three of such players have been put out 
as provided in these Rules. 

Rule 66. "A Time at Bat" is the term at bat of a Batsman. It begins 
when he takes his position, and continues until he is put out or becomes a Base 
Runner; except when, because of being hit by a pitched ball, or in case of an 
illegal delivery by the Pitcher, as in Rule 44. 

Rule 67. " Legal " or " Legally " signifies as required by these Rules. 

SCORING-. 

Rule 68. In order to promote Uniformity in Scoring Championship Games, 
the following instructions, suggestions and definitions, are made for the benefit 
of scorers and they are required to make all scores in accordance therewith. 



30 



OUTDOOR SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 



BATTING. 

Sec. 1. The first item in the tabulated score, after the players' name and 
position, shall be the number of times he has been at bat during the game. The 
time or times where the player has been sent to base by being hit by a pitched 
ball, by the pitcher's illegal delivery, or by a base on balls shall not be included 
in this column. 

Sec. 2. In the second column should be set down the runs made by each 
player. • 

Sec. 3. In the third column should be placed the first base hits made by 
each player. A base hit should be scored in the following cases : — 

When the ball from the bat strikes the ground within the foul lines, and out 
of reach of the fielders. 

When a hit ball is partially or wholly stopped by a fielder in motion, but 
such player cannot recover himself in time to handle the ball before the striker 
reaches First Base. 

When a hit ball is hit so sharply to an infielder that he cannot handle it in 
time to put out the batsman. In case of doubt over this class of hits, score a 
base hit, and exempt the fielder from the charge of an error. 

When a ball is hit so slowly towards a fielder that he cannot handle it in 
time to put out the batsman. 

That in all cases where a base runner is retired by being hit by a batted ball, 
the batsman should be credited with a base hit. 

When a batted ball hits the person or clothing of the Umpire, as defined in 
Kule 37. 

Sec. 4. In the fourth column shall be placed Sacrifice Hits, which shall be 
credited to the batsman, who when but one man is out advances a runner a base 
on a fly to the outfield or a ground hit, which results in putting out the batsman, 
or would so result if handled without error. 

FIELDING. 

Sec. 5. The number of opponents put out by each player shall be set 
down in the fifth column. Where a striker is given out by the Umpire for a foul 
strike, or because he struck out of his turn, the put-out shall be scored to the 
Catcher. 

Sec. 6. The number of times the player assists shall be set down in the 
sixth column. An assist should be given to each player who handles the ball in 
assisting a run out or other play of the kind. 

An assist should be given to a player who makes a play in time to put a run- 
ner out, even if the player who should complete the play fails, through no fault 
of the player assisting. 

And generally an assist should be given to each player who handles the ball 
from the time it leaves the bat until it reaches the player who makes the put-out, 
or in case of a thrown ball, to each player who throws or handles it cleanly and 
in such a way that a put-out results, or would result if no error were made by 
the receiver. 

ERRORS. 

Sec. 7. An error shall be given in the seventh column for each misplay 
which allows the striker or base runner to make one or more bases when perfect 



BASE BALL UTILES. 



31 



play would have insured his being put out, except that "wild pitchers, 11 "bases 
on balls, 11 "bases on the batsman being struck by a pitched ball, 11 or case of ille- 
gal pitched ball, balks and passed balls, shall not be included in said column. 
In scoring errors of batted balls see Section 3 of this Bule. 

STOLEN BASES. 
Sec. 8. Stolen bases shall be scored as follows: — 

Any attempt to steal a base must go to the credit of the base runner, whether 
the ball is thrown wild or muffed by the fielder, but any manifest error is to be 
charged to the fielder making the same. If the base runner advances another 
base he shall not be credited with a stolen base, and the fielder allowing the ad- 
vancement is also to be charged with an error. If a base runner makes a start 
and a battery error is made, the runner secures the credit of a stolen base, and 
the battery error is scored against the player making it. Should a base runner 
overrun a base and then be put out, he should receive the credit for the stolen 
base. 

EARNED RUNS. 
Sec. 9. An earned run shall be scored every time the player reaches the 
home base unaided by errors before chances have been offered to retire the side. 

THE SUMMARY. 
Rule 69. The Summary shall contain : — 
Sec. 1. The number of earned runs made by each side. 
Sec. 2. The number of two-base hits made by each player. 
Sec. 3. The number of three-base hits made by each player. 
Sec. 4. The number of home runs made by each player. 
Sec. 5. The number of bases stolen by each player. 

Sec. 6. The number of double and triple plays made by each side, with the 
names of the players assisting in the same. 

Sec. 7. The number of men given bases on called balls, by each Pitcher. 

Sec. 8. The number of men given bases from being hit by pitched balls. 

Sec. 9. The number of men struck out. 

Sec. 10. The number of passed balls by each Catcher. 

Sec. 11. The number of wild pitches by each Pitcher. 

Sec. 12. The time of game. 

Sec. 13. The name of the Umpire. 

AMENDMENTS. 
Rule 70. No Amendment or change of any of these National Playing 
Rules shall be made, except by a joint committee on rules, consisting of three 
members from the National League and three members from the American Asso- 
ciation. Such committee to be appointed at the annual meetings of each of said 
bodies to serve one year from the twentieth day of December of each year. Such 
committee shall have full power to act, provided that such amendments shall be 
made only by an affirmative vote of the majority of each delegation. 



HEALTH AND PLEASURE RESORTS 

ON THE LINE OF THE 

UNION P ACIFIC, The Over land Route 

CLEAR CR~EK CANON. 

Clear Creek Canon is one of the wildest gorges in Colorado. Through the 
solid rock of this gorge has been blasted the road-bed of the Union Pacific. It 
is the most accessible gorge of any in the State. In the days of stages and 
freight-wagons, it was used as a thoroughfare. The canon is only about one 
hour's ride from Denver, and it is reached from that city, via Golden, by the 
Colorado Central Division of the Union Pacific. This division, until it reaches 
the foot-hills, runs through fields as green and past farm-houses as pleasant as 
any of which the older States can boast. 

Leaving Denver Union Depot the road winds along past Argo and Arvada 
to Golden, a pretty and thrifty place just fairly in the mountains. Its site is 
the bed of an ancient lake, which has left its smooth-washed boulders and water- 
marks, the latter high in the air along the buttes. The road enters the canon 
a few miles west of Golden, and continues on up to Forks Creek, where the 
passenger trains divide; one section hurries onward up to Central City, along a 
branch of Clear Creek Canon, while the other continues along the cation proper 
to Idaho Springs, Georgetown, and over the celebrated ""Bow Knot Loop" to 
Silver Plume and Graymont at the foot of Gray's Peak. 

The canon is a marvelous cliff, worn through the solid rock by Clear Creek, 
dashing and roaring near the track, which crosses it at short intervals. Its 
sides, timeworn in a thousand grotesque forms, rise from 500 to 1,500 feet, 
making the sky look like a narrow strip. In places there are intersecting 
gullies, through which rivulets come silvering down, and the sunlight strikes 
across the sombre cailon. Trees grow thick in places, and crown a portion of 
the heights. 

From Forks Creek the road branches off to Black Hawk and Central City, 
two towns really merging into one. They are but little over a mile apart in 
actual distance, yet to reach Central City from Black Hawk the train passes 
over four miles of marvelously constructed track called the " Switch Back," 
passing, as it rises, the dumps of famous mines, and above crushing and 
grinding mills. From Central City there is a good stage line to Idaho Springs, 
so that these springs are also accessible from Central City, and the journey 
affords a view seldom surpassed. 

From Forks Creek the road winds along the main cailon, through Idaho 
Springs to Georgetown. This town is built on silver-bearing soil, and is sur- 
rounded on three sides by the mountains. It is strange to see this town of 
4,000 people, an animated gem in the setting of the Rockies, with long, roomy, 
stoneless streets and handsome residences. It has an altitude of 8,476 feet — 
considered an ideal height by many. Georgetown seems at first to be the end 
of Clear Creek Canon, but there is an opening beyond, and through it the road 
has forced its way. 

Green Lake is an emerald gem. sparkling in the sunlight, two miles away 
from Georgetown and 2,000 feet higher. The lake is as clear as crystal, but the 
basin that holds it is green, the sand in it is green, and the moss festoons it 
like a green veil. In places its depth is unknown, and its feeding springs have 
never been found. In its depths the gaunt limbs of skeleton trees, dead but 
erect, beckon from below the ripples on its surface, while trout glide through 
the branches where once the songster of the forest plumed its wings. At one 
end of the lake is the Battle Ground of the Gods, where, according to Indian 
legends, great boulders lie where the wrath of warring deities hurled them. 
Some of the largest of these have formed the Cave of the Winds, through which 
the breezes dolefully sigh. 

After leaving Georgetown, the chief point of interest is "Bow Knot Loop," 
familiarly called "The Loop," and here it is that the real glories of the trip are 



HEALTH AND PLEASURE RESORTS 

ON THE LINE OF THE 

UNION" PACIFIC, The Overland Route. 



appreciated. The mind can readily understand how a train may wind through 
a chasm. It is less easy, however, to realize how, beginning to rise along the 
side, the elevation continues until the tourist looks down upon a town, as it 
were, in miniature. Continuing on its tortuous course, the train worms its way 
up a steep grade, carved and blasted through the rock, and skirts the sides of 
the mountains that lose their crests in snow. In the valley flows the little 
stream of Clear Creek. Past Devil's Gate and Bridal Veil Falls the engine 
curves and climbs. Looking directly above, a railroad track is seen on a high 
iron bridge over-spanning the track almost at right angles, but in the form of a 
crescent. The tourist wonderingly inquires, ''What road is that above, and how 
did it get there ? " For a little way the track is comparatively straight; then it 
varies to the right, crosses the creek, and starts down the valley, but still going 
up grade. For perhaps a quarter of a mile this continues. Then the creek is 
crossed again on a high iron bridge Looking directly down, a track is seen 
below. Then the tourist wonders what track that is and how it got there. He 
looks again before satisfying himself that it is the same track he just passed 
over. He is now on the bridge up at which he was looking but a moment ago. 
From the top, six pieces of track, apparently detached, can be seen. He then 
realizes that he has just ridden over an immense loop — one of four in exist- 
ence. There is one on the Southern Pacific Railroad, one in Switzerland, and 
one in the Andes of South America, but this is the most complex of them all. 
The bridge just crossed is 300 feet long and 86 feet high. From Georgetown it 
can be seen one way nestled in the mountains; looking at it from the other 
way there seems to be nothing but a confusion of tracks. 

It is a remarkable climb from here to the Big Fill, which is 76 feet high, 
but too sharp a curve to admit of a bridge, and comes nearer being a dupli- 
cation of the "Bow Knot Loop.' 1 Georgetown is still in sight beyond the 
three parallel tracks of the "Bow Knot Loop. 11 Looking down the final curve 
there is a wealth of track, b it it dodges hither and thither, no portion seem- 
ingly having any special relation to its neighbor ; occasionally the entire track- 
age comes into view at once. 

After passing the "Bow Knot Loop 11 and Silver Plume, Graymont, the 
terminus of the railway, is reached. The tourist must not neglect to make 
this trip, and be sure to see sunrise from Gray's Peak, as it is one of the most 
celebrated in America. 

ECHO CANON 

Is on the main line of the Union Pacific, and is entered upon soon after leav- 
ing Evanston. Wyoming. "Echo Caflon, 11 says a celebrated English traveler, 
"is a superb defile. It moves along like some majestic poem in a series of in- 
comparable stanzas. There is nothing that I know of on the earth like it. 11 
This masterpiece of Nature is some thirty miles long, and its wonderful di- 
versity of contour, its beauty and its grandeur, are astounding. It has every 
feature of impressiveness, strong, sharply-defined color, and groupings of 
majestic forms — temples, towers, colonnades stretching out in long perspective, 
and supporting the weight of mighty cornices, striking objects whose vast pro- 
portions show them to be the work of Nature alone, and yet their symmetrical 
forms are as true as if fashioned by the hand of man. Geologists tell us that 
this section is undoubtedly among the most anciently exposed portions of the 
American continent. Among the wonders of this marvelous defile the tourist 
will note ''Hanging Rock, 11 "The Steamboat, 11 "Gibraltar, 11 "Monument Rock, 11 
and "Pulpit Rock, 11 famous the world over. Pulpit Rock is so called from its 
shape, and from the supposition that Brigham Young preached from it his first 
sermon on Utah soil, addressed to the pioneers then on their way to the Salt Lake 
Valley, in 1847. 

WEBER CANON 

Is on the main line of the Union Pacific. Between the little town of Echo and 
the head of Weber Canon there are several miles of the Weber Valley, luxuriant 
in meadows and dotted with farm-houses. Weber Canon is not simply a long 
defile through the mountains, but it is a majestic succession of true mountain 
scenery ; mighty gateways, long, narrow valleys, visions of great peaks, holding 
in their ravines eternal snow, heights crested with pine and aspen, and towers 



HEALTH AND PLEASURE RESORTS 

ON THE LINE OF THE 

UNION PACIFIC, The Ovekland Koute. 



and domes of rock. Says an eloquent writer: "As on the Rhine, the long 
stretch of the river from Mainz to Cologne has been for years by acknowledg- 
ment 'The River,' so that portion of the Union Pacific which lies between 
Wahsatch and Ogden in this northern part of Utah will some day be that part 
of the journey across the centre of the continent which will be regarded by 
the tourist as necessary to see beyond all others. And long after the Pacific 
journey is as hackneyed to Europeans and Americans as the Rhine tour is now, 
Weber Canon will keep its freshness among the most marked scenes of the 
journey. It is a place which cities and settlements cannot destroy." Among 
the many points of interest the traveler will note " Wilhelmina Pass, 1 ' " Devil's 
Slide," the ''One-thousand Mile Tree" (from Omaha), and the "Devil's Gate." 
GREAT SALT LAKE. 
When Great Salt Lake was discovered, it was out of the world, but it is now 
isolated no longer. Everyone taking the transcontinental trip on the Union 
Pacific is afforded a detour free of charge to Salt Lake City, and once in Salt 
Lake City, the great lake must be seen, and this lake, as a special feature, is 
becoming better and better known every year. It is called the "Dead Sea of 
America." 

The first mention of Great Salt Lake was made by the Baron La Hontan in 
1689, who gathered some vague knowledge of its existence from the Western 
Indians. Captain Bonneville sent a party from Green River in 1833 to make 
its circuit, but they gave it up on striking the desert on the northwest, lost their 
way, and finally wandered into California. Until Colonel Fremont visited it in 
1842, on his way to Oregon, it is probable that its dead waters had never been 
invaded, or the solemn stillness of its islands broken by the pale-face, although 
mention is made of the "Great Salt Sea" in the writings of other explorers. 
Brigham Young and the Mormon pioneers in '47 were the first settlers along its 
shores. From "this time this region ceased to be a terra incognita. 

The Jordan River carries into the Great Salt Lake ten grains of salt per gal- 
lon of water. Great Salt Lake has no outlet, and its fluctuating level is deter- 
mined by the balance between in-flowing springs and solar evaporation. On the 
surrounding mountains are water lines rising in steps to a thousand feet above 
its surface, showing that in ancient times a great body of water occupied its 
basin. This ancient body, which was known as Lake Bonneville, was 345 miles 
long from north to south, and 135 miles broad, and its vestiges are on so grand a 
scale that they have attracted the attention of not only geologists, but of every 
observant traveler. The principal islands are Antelope and Stansbury, on which 
are rocky ridges ranging north and south, and rising abruptly from the lake to 
an altitude 0^ 3,000 feet. The view from the summit of Antelope is grand and 
magnificent, embracing the whole lake, the islands and the encircling mountains 
covered with snow — a superb picture set in a frame-work of silver. The scenery 
on the eastern side of Stransbury is fine. Peak towers above peak, and cliff be- 
yond cliff in lofty magnificence, while, crowning the summit, the dome frowns 
in gloomy solitude upon the varied scene of bright waters, scattered verdure, 
and boundless plains of the western shore, in the arid desolation below. De- 
scending one way from the dome, a gorge, at first almost shut up between per- 
pendicular cliffs of white sandstone, opens out into a superb, wide, and gently 
sloping valley, sheltered on each side to the very water's edge by cliffs, effectu- 
ally protected from all winds except on the east, and covered with the most 
luxuriant growth of bunch grass. Of the minor islands there are Fremont, 
Carrington, Gunnison, Dolphin, Mud, Egg, Hat, and several islands without a 
name. 

Great Salt Lake covers an area of 2,500 square miles, and its surface is 
higher than the average height of the Allegheny Mountains. Its mean depth 
probably does not exceed twenty feet, while the deepest place, between Ante- 
lope and Stansbury Islands, is sixty feet. The water is of a beautiful aqua- 
marine hue, and so clear that the bottom can be seen to the depth of four 
fathoms. Great Salt Lake is one of the greatest curiosities of America. Its 
extreme dimensions are about eighty miles in length by about fifty miles in 
width, and its elevation about 4,000 feet. Great Salt Lake is a wonderful place, 
and to be appreciated must be seen. 



The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Ry. 

It Reaches All Principal Cities and Pleasure Resorts West, North- 
west and Southwest of Chicago, making Close Connections 
in Union Depots with the Union Pacific at Council 
Bluffs, Omaha, Kansas City and Leavenworth. 

o 

The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway system, including- main 
lines, branches and extensions east and west of the Missouri river, now owns and 
operates 3,143 miles of steel track. It traverses not only the most populous and 
highly cultivated sections of the national commonwealth, but has opened up to 
cultivation and settlement vast areas of rich farming- and grazing lands in com- 
paratively new districts situated in Nebraska, Western and Southern Kansas, 
Colorado, and the Indian Territory. Its expansion has corresponded to, and is 
identical with, the wonderful development of the country whose growth it has 
fostered and aided with a vigilant and untiring zeal. 

The scores of opulent cities scattered all along its lines from the lakes to the 
Missouri river bear willing testimony to the enriching value of the commercial 
facilities it has provided. On more distant prairie soils in its progress to the 
Rocky Mountains — where artificial irrigation must supply the lack of natural 
moisture — it has created business where it never before existed, or (as generally 
believed) could exist. In numerous instances it has preceded immigration rather 
than followed it, and, with unfaltering confidence in future results, has invited 
the erection of permanent homes in the heart of the once "wilderness," and estab- 
lished with newly-fledged towns and inchoate cities, relations of mutual service 
and profit. 

The relatiye position to the geography of the country the Rock Island occu- 
pies, of which it has taken every legitimate advantage, enables it to control by the 
natural law of commercial gravitation — which seeks the most direct and quickest 
routes between given points — the principal bulk, or all that it can handle of the 
carrying business to and from the trade centers of the world. Its main lines west 
from Chicago to Council Bluffs and Omaha, and southwest to Denver, Colorado 
Springs and Pueblo, form connecting links in the great transcontinental chain of 
continuous steel rail which extends without break from East to West, from New 
York to San Francisco. Northwest, the Albert Lea (which is practically under 
Rock Island control) offers an additional through route from the Atlantic to the 
Pacific. In corresponding opposite directions, similar facilities are extended in 
connection with numerous lines radiating from Chicago to all points east. Thus 
at the peerless city of Chicago, the head of lake navigation, where all railway 
lines from Atlantic and Pacific seaports with their tributaries converge, the Rock 
Island commands the situation, as the thoroughfare for the world's travel and 
traffic, [over] 



The alignment of its comprehensive system into various desirable routes 
between near and distant points of departure and arrival gives the Rock Island 
many and obvious advantages. But these have been supplemented by many others 
through the persistent energy and enterprise of its management, unde*r whose 
direction no expense has been spared to make the construction, equipment and 
operation of these lines the best in the country, and in some respects superior to 
those of any competitive system. And not content with the much it has alreadv 
accomplished, the Rock Island is ever on the alert to achieve fresh triumphs. 
In the adoption of all improvements which facilitate the prompt interchange 
of commercial, industrial and agricultural products, which shorten time and 
distance by accelerated rates of speed, which increase the number and reliability 
of safeguards for modern travel, and include the latest mechanical appliances of 
proved utility, which add to human comfort and happiness, it has always taken 
the initiative. In fact, it "heads the procession.' 1 

Its track is not only of the best continuous steel rail solidly ballasted ; its 
bridges, culverts and viaducts of stone and iron not only defy the elements and the 
ravages of time, but its royally equipped passenger trains are unequaled in the 
West and unsurpassed in the world. Its union depots at terminal cities are grand 
in dimensions and complete in their interior arrangements. Its station buildings 
are of modern design, convenient and commodious. Its dining hotels west of the 
Missouri river furnish splendid meals at seasonable hours and at moderate rates. 
Magnificent Vestibule Express Trains — cool, well ventilated, free from dust — run 
daily between Chicago and Council Bluffs and Omaha, carrying elegant Day 
Coaches, Pullman Sleepers, Dining Cars and (through to North Platte, Neb.) 
free Reclining Chair Cars. Similar splendid vestibule service between Chicago 
and Denver, Colorado Springs and Pueblo, via St. Joseph, or Kansas City and 
Topeka. Pullman Sleepers between Chicago and Wichita, and Free Reclining 
Chair Cars to and from Caldwell, the gateway to the famous Oklahoma country. 
Superior indiicements to travel via the Albert Lea Route to and from Water- 
town, Sioux Falls and Minneapolis and St. Paul. To every important point west, 
northwest or southwest from Chicago, and in corresponding opposite directions, 
the facilities and luxuries of transportation afforded by the Rock Island are in- 
comparably the best. 

By the word "tourists" is designated that large class of people who grow 
restless as summer weather approaches, and feel an irrepressible desire for change 
— change of scene, of climate, of natural and social environments. The man 
of the East with his family eagerly scans the list of cool retreats, lakes, trout 
streams and sanitary resorts in Colorado, Minnesota, or the remoter Northwest, to 
ascertain in what locality his and their season of rest and recreation can be most 
profitably spent. On the other hand, those who live in California, or most any of 
the Pacific coast states, longingly turn their eyes Eastward, to Niagara Falls, 
Saratoga or the Atlantic watering places. They are surfeited Avith the grandeurs 
of the Sierra Nevada, the imposing stature of the "Big Trees," tired of the ever- 
lasting "seals" in the bay of San Francisco, and utterly weary of their too 
familiar seaside resorts. Old "chestnuts" everywhere have grown stale. A 
radical "change of base' 1 is the only cure of ennui, and will in the end prove most 
conducive to health and happiness. Fortunately, the Rock Island is admirably 
situated to accommodate this migratory class in the best possible manner, and it 
cordially invites one and all to avail themselves of the superior facilities, comforts, 
conveniences and luxuries it has provided for their enjoyment while "en route. 1 ' 



"NEW PERFECTION" 



Household Refrigerators. 




IT IS FREE from commingled odors formed in other Refrigerators, and is 
the only one that produces a pure, dry, cold air, and is more economical in 
the use of ice than any other Refrigerator made. The ice chamber being large, 
the consumer can economize by using large cakes of ice, from which much 
better results are derived. 

No moisture will collect upon the walls of the Refrigerator. Matches have 
been kept in the PROVISION CHAMBERS for weeks and then ignited by strik- 
ing them upon the zinc in the ICE RESERVOIR, while the " New Perfection " 
was in constant use and the RESERVOIR well filled with ice all the time, show- 
ing that every part of the Refrigerator was dry within. 

Messrs. Hibbard, Spencer & Co., the largest Hardware Dealers in 
Chicago, in speaking of the "-New Perfection"' 1 Hardwood Refrigera- 
tors say : " It needs no comment or praise from us. It is not merely 
"equal to any in the market^ but is positively THE BEST REERIG- 
u E BATOR manufactured in the United States.' 1 '' 



FOR SALE BY ALL LEADING DEALERS. 



All Ladies Interested 

In Art Embroidery or Decorative Needlework 
should ask their Dealer for 

BELDING BROS. & CO.'S 



< 

U 

e 

X 




WASH SILKS. 



Pfipp CM If For Raised Work and other CTPUI MP CM If For all classes of Outline 
nur L 01 LA elaborate effects. L. lull I HO 0ILI\ work> fine embroidery, etc. 

WASH TWIST SS*aS5to^S 1 etc. FILLING FLOSS ^ ls0 called Filoor 0utllne 



1 Silk, for delicate work. 



Send three 2 -cent stamps and receive by mail a copy of our 
elegant Souvenir Book, 

"HINTS ON ART NEEDLEWORK," 



Profusely Illustrated with STITCHES, PATTERNS, etc., and containing many 
VALUABLE SUGGESTIONS as to the Application and Use 
of these "WASH SILKS." 



BELDING BROS. & CO., 

183 IFirFtlx OHTOAGrO. 



Commencing July 1st, 

THE 

CHICAGO & ATLANTIC 



IN CONNECTION WITH 
THE 




WILL INAUGURATE A 
SYSTEM OF 



Through Pullman Vestibuled Trains, 

BETWEEN 

CHICAGO - 
NEW YORK 

Consisting of Composite Cars, First-Class Day Coaches with Smok- 
ing Saloon and Lavatories, Luxurious Sleeping 
Coaches and Dining-Cars. 

The entire train Lighted by Gas and run Solid 
between the cities mentioned. 

Train leaves CHICAGO at 10.00 A. M. and arrives in NEW YORK 
at 5.00 P.M., in time for connection with the Tall River Line and 
River Boats to Bridgeport, New Haven and Hartford. 

CHICAGO TICKET OFFICES: 107 Clark St 
Palmer House and Grand Pacific Hotel. 



SOMETHING NEW. 



SLATE ft 3 
DRAVIN 
* m BOOKS 

Entertaining, Instructive and Amusing. 



A Book that should be in the hands of all the 
school children in the country. 

The importance of teaching children to draw is 
well known to all teachers, and it is well to impress 
the fact on the minds of the little ones. 

The Book contains sixteen pages of different 
designs. 

Sent postpaid on receipt of price, viz.: 15 cents. 
Send Postal Notes. Address, 

Publisher Slate Drawing Books, 

24 and 26 Randolph St., 

CHICAGO, ILL. 




Medical and Surgical Sanitarium, 

BATTLE CREEK, MICH. 

THIS Institution, 
one of the build- 
ings o f which i s 
shown in the cut, 

Stands Without 
a Rival 

in the Perfection 
and Completeness of 
its Appointments. 

An Artificial 
Climate and 
j, Equahle Tempera- 
ture Secured 
During Winter Months. 

i Salubrious Summer Climate, a Lakeside Resort, Steamers, Sail-Boats, 

Row-Boats, Bathing, etc. 




Special Advantages afforded SURGICAL CASES. 



Good Water, Perfect Ventilation, Steam Heating, Perfect Sewerage, 
Edison Electric Light. 



In recognition of the importance of the SANITARIUM as a health 
resort, the Central Traffic Association has made BATTLE CREEK a 
TOURIST POINT, and Tourist Tickets can be found on sale at principal 
stations, at reduced rates. 

FOR CIRCULARS, WITH PARTICULARS, ADDRESS 

MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SANITARIUM, Battle Creek, Mich. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




010 091 758 



